There are lots of books about C and C++. About C, get the C Bible by
Kernighan&Ritchie (the original authors). About C++, just
shoot(yourself.foot++).
Look on prep.ai.mit.edu or any mirror site to find GCC, (GNU C Compiler), a
free C/C++ compiler, and a lot of utilities written in C.
Here
are papers about why not use C or C++ in general.
This
one is particularly meaningful as to what a language should be (that C/C++
is not).
There seem to be two standards as for LISP: Common LISP is a huge monolithic language, with hundreds of built-in constructs for a megabyte worth of run-time system (not talking about add-on modules). Scheme is a minimalistic, skimmed, version of LISP, with simplest constructs upon which everything is built.
In LISP, everything is parsed as S-EXP's (Symbolic EXPressions), which
are indeed balanced parenthesized expressions of atomic symbols. These
S-EXP are trivially translated into structured data, which is interpreted
very easily. The basic constructor is the (syntactically parenthesized)
list of S-EXPs, and a list is evaluated by first evaluating each element,
then applying the function denoted by its first element to the rest of the
list as arguments.
LISP is really a nice language, but S-EXPs are annoying to the
non-hackers (particularly if you don't use a LISP editor like EMACS that
will help you balance your expressions).
There are lots of books about LISP and Scheme. About LISP, you may get the specifications for the Common LISP ANSI standard, CLtL (Common LISP, the Language). A great book about programming in Scheme, but that actually teaches programming in general, is the SICP, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs; just *great*. GNU Emacs is a widely spread LISP-based IDE. There are also newsgroup about LISP and Scheme, comp.lang.lisp comp.lang.scheme, not to talk about emacs-related groups, etc. [Note: I should ask JCh and/or HBaker for pointers about these...] Look on prep.ai.mit.edu or any mirror site to find EMACS. (Other machines at ?) MIT is also where you could find anything about LISP and Scheme...
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